で
JLPT N5:means / tool / material
Marks how something is done — the tool, vehicle, language or material: "by", "with", "in".
How to form it
- Put で after the tool or method: 箸で食べる (eat with chopsticks), 電車で行く (go by train), 日本語で話す (speak in Japanese).
- It also marks what something is made of: 木で作った椅子 (a chair made of wood).
- Going on foot takes no で: 歩いて行く.
Examples
電車で会社に行きます。
I go to work by train.
日本語で話しましょう。
Let's talk in Japanese.
Notes
- When the material can no longer be seen in the result, から is used instead: 牛乳からチーズを作る (make cheese from milk).
Common mistakes
- Using に for the vehicle. Say バスで来た (came by bus). に is right only for getting on: バスに乗る.
Same form, different meaning
- でlocation of action
The same で after a place marks where an action happens.
- でcause
The same で after an event or illness can mean "because of".