〜しか〜ない
JLPT N4:only (and no more)
"Only", stressing that it is less than expected or wanted. The verb is always negative.
How to form it
- Put しか after the noun or number and make the verb negative: 千円しかない (I only have a thousand yen).
- が and を drop before しか. Other particles stay in front of it: 彼にしかできない (only he can do it).
Examples
財布に千円しかない。
I've only got a thousand yen in my wallet.
これは彼にしかできない仕事だ。
This is a job only he can do.
Notes
- The verb is negative but the meaning is not: 一人しか来なかった means one person did come.
Common mistakes
- Using a positive verb. Say 千円しかない, not 千円しかある.
Similar meaning
- 〜だけonly / just
A neutral "only" with a positive verb.
- 〜ばかりnothing but
"Nothing but", usually with disapproval.