〜しか〜ない

JLPT N4:

only (and no more)

"Only", stressing that it is less than expected or wanted. The verb is always negative.

How to form it

  • Put しか after the noun or number and make the verb negative: 千円(せんえん)しかない (I only have a thousand yen).
  • が and を drop before しか. Other particles stay in front of it: 彼(かれ)にしかできない (only he can do it).

Examples

財布(さいふ)に千円(せんえん)しかない。

I've only got a thousand yen in my wallet.

これは彼(かれ)にしかできない仕事(しごと)だ。

This is a job only he can do.

Notes

  • The verb is negative but the meaning is not: 一人(ひとり)しか来(こ)なかった means one person did come.

Common mistakes

  • Using a positive verb. Say 千円(せんえん)しかない, not 千円(せんえん)しかある.

Similar meaning