〜たら
JLPT N4:if / when
"If" or "when": once the first thing happens, the second follows. It is the most widely usable conditional in conversation.
How to form it
- Put the word in its た-form and add ら: 食べた becomes 食べたら, and 高かった becomes 高かったら.
- な-adjectives and nouns use だったら: 静かだったら, 学生だったら.
- For "if not", use なかったら: 行かなかったら.
Examples
ichidan
食べる(to eat)食べたら
godan
行く(to go)行ったら
い-adjective
高い(expensive)高かったら
いい(good)よかったらnot いかったら
な-adjective
静か(quiet)静かだったら
noun
学生(student)学生だったら
Example sentences
雨が降ったら、家にいます。
If it rains, I'll stay home.
駅に着いたら、電話してください。
When you get to the station, please call me.
Notes
- たら works before requests, suggestions and your own plans. 〜と does not, and 〜ば does only after a state.
- Because it means "once X happens", it also works as "when" for something sure to happen: 十時になったら、出かけましょう.
- When the second half is in the past, たら describes what you found: 窓を開けたら、雪が降っていた (when I opened the window, it was snowing).
- よかったら means "if you like": よかったら、どうぞ.
- 〜たらどう suggests something: 休んだらどう? (why don't you rest?). See 〜たらいい / 〜ばいい.
Similar meaning
- 〜ばif
"If" with the focus on the condition; suits general truths and advice.
- 〜ならif (that's the case)
"If that's the case" — picks up something already said or known.
- 〜とwhenever / if (always)
An automatic or habitual result, "whenever X, Y"; not used before requests.