です / だ

JLPT N5:

is / am / are

Links a noun or な-adjective to what it describes: "X is Y". です is polite and だ is plain.

How to form it

Examples

これは本(ほん)です。

This is a book.

私(わたし)は学生(がくせい)です。

I'm a student.

今日(きょう)は休(やす)みだ。

Today is a day off. (plain)

Notes

  • Casual questions drop だ: 元気(げんき)? (are you well?).
  • だ on its own at the end of a casual sentence can sound blunt, so speakers often soften it with よ or ね, or leave it out.
  • である is a formal written version, used in essays and articles.

Common mistakes

  • Adding だ after an い-adjective. Say 高(たか)い or 高(たか)いです, not 高(たか)いだ.